Confidence-Building Measures in the Post-Nuclearisation Era of South Asia

Abstract

The research discusses the role of Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs) in managing Pakistan-India rivalry and their complex relationships. Since India and Pakistan emerged as independent countries after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947, the unresolved disputes—mainly Jammu and Kashmir—have severely affected bilateral relations between the two nations. Over more than seven decades, the enduring hostility between Pakistan and India worsened due to the major wars fought between the two neighbouring countries, which have created lasting effects on relations between the two countries and the overall security dynamics of the region. Since achieving nuclear status, both India and Pakistan have found the management of their rivalry to be even more important. As an important series of tools, CBMs serve to reduce strains between countries through improved dialogue and trusted relations. The research examines CBMs during the post-nuclearisation period by analysing current problems, which prevent successful India-Pakistan communication and collaboration. The paper introduces an analytical framework designed to increase the current CBM role while exploring new possibilities for positive diplomatic interactions. This research focuses on the diplomatic approaches and collaborative mechanisms to develop policy guidance for establishing an all-inclusive CBM system. Strategic actions will be instrumental in building trust between Pakistan and India, which together will create enduring peace in the region marked by historic tensions and complicated geopolitical dynamics. Findings of the study show that the post-nuclear period of Pakistan-India relations demands collaboration to address the evolving nature of threats.