CHINA'S BASTION STRATEGY: AUKUS AND AUSTRALIA'S CHANGING GEOPOLICTICAL POSITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC

Abstract

The strategic outlook of Australia has evolved over the last two decades due to the Chinese military's growth in the Indo-Pacific region. This has been driven by Beijing's growing assertiveness and its efforts to reshape regional dynamics. This research employs a qualitative approach to analyse China’s Bastion strategy, conceptualised through the Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) framework. It also incorporates the Australian concept of “anti-access denial” and “area denial” as distinct strategic approaches. The AUKUS alliance between the US, UK, and Australia is crucial in navigating the complex Indo-Pacific waters. Nuclear-powered submarines under AUKUS are intended to enhance deterrence capabilities and empower Australia strategically. Lastly, this research will address the uncertainties surrounding Australia's response to the nuclear non-proliferation regime as a non-nuclear-weapon state and provide recommendations regarding the SSN loophole in the NPT.