Kautilyan Geopolitics and India’s Extended Neighborhood Policy: A Case of Persian

Abstract

 This paper is aimed at examining India’s foreign policy orientation towards the Persian Gulf within the framework of Kautilya’s Mandala theory from Arthashastra. By doing this the study highlighted the development of alliances and spheres of influence within the parameters of conventional realpolitik. India’s Look East policy received wide attention from analysts. But India’s ‘Look West Policy’, specifically focusing on its approach towards the Persian Gulf Region within the conventional strategic framework, lacked the due attention. New Delhi is aimed at forging a close partnership with Riyadh while at the same time balancing its traditional closeness with Tehran. This strategic objective is based on the Kautaliyan principle of ‘skilful manoeuvring’ between several ‘circles’ of states. This paper analysed the impacts of great power rivalry and emerging trends in energy security on the varying patterns of Indo-Gulf interactions. The main argument is that India’s Look West/Act West approach is not only a reaction to various regional and global developments but is also deeply rooted in traditional political philosophy, which has historically informed strategic discussions within Indian policy circles. This assertion is supported by multiple public statements, diplomatic communications, trade statistics, and strategic alliances. Reassessment of Kautilya's concept provides a unique cultural perspective. This offers a deeper insight into India's engagements with the Persian Gulf.