Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) For National Security: A Counter Terrorism Approach in Pakistan

Abstract

OSINT is intelligence gathered from publicly available information. The significance of OSINT takes up due to frequent internet usage. Worldwide connectivity through social media has also revealed unprecedented challenges to existing intelligence organizations/ LEAs. In this context, developed countries established dedicated OSINT centers. However, debates on its reliability and efficacy are still persistent. Research analyzes the efficacy of OSINT to meet national security requirements. It is qualitative with an action research approach tapping into analyse the quality of data. The essential rationale of OSINT for national security with a perspective of counter-terrorism is the product of this study. OSINT application is validated on 4P CONTEST - counter-terrorism model of UK. Opportunities for Pakistan have been highlighted considering the advantages and disadvantages of OSINT tools and methods. Research revealed that, globally OSINT is a new term and lacks an agreed-upon definition. However, the field is highly understudied in Pakistan; there is no local literature available. The paper concludes by highlighting a need for dedicated OSINT organizations.